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Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Emerging Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment

Document Type : Review Article(s)

Authors

1 Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

2 Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

Abstract

Breast cancer (BC) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by significant global mortality and incidence rates. Annually, approximately 1 million cases of BC are diagnosed worldwide, with over 170,000 classified as triple-negative. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a particularly aggressive subtype lacking targeted therapeutic options, which contributes to poorer outcomes compared to other BC subtypes. The five-year survival rate for patients with TNBC is roughly 30% lower than that for patients with other subtypes. TNBC treatment options are limited to surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. There is a critical need for the development of targeted therapies. Enhancing early detection through effective diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers can significantly improve survival rates. This review explores recent advancements in clinically relevant proteomic, genetic, and metabolomic biomarkers for TNBC, highlighting their potential roles as prognostic, diagnostic, and predictive markers that could facilitate personalized treatment approaches.

Highlights

Zahra Roshanizadeh (PubMed)

Abbas Ghaderi (Google Scholar)

Keywords

Main Subjects

How to cite this article:

Roshanizadeh Z, Haghshenas MR, Ghaderi A. Triple-negative breast cancer: Emerging biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Middle East J Cancer. 2024; 15(4):257-71. doi:10.30476/mejc. 2024.100755.1998.

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Middle East Journal of Cancer
Volume 15, Issue 4 - Serial Number 60
October 2024
Pages 257-271
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