Shiraz University of Medical SciencesMiddle East Journal of Cancer2008-670910220190401The Kinetic Characteristics of Malic Enzyme in Human Breast Tissue Cancer Cell Lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-23178864485610.30476/mejc.2019.78500.ENMahshidBagherzadeh AnsariDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran0000-0003-0823-2650AliShahriariDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran0000-0002-0006-2637AbdolhosseinTalaeizadehCancer Research Center (Petroleum and Environmental Pollutants), Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IranPayamFathizadehCancer Research Center (Petroleum and Environmental Pollutants), Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IranJournal Article20180101<strong>Background:</strong> A high level of replication is one of the main indicators of tumors.<br />Tumor cells have to manufacture and transport macromolecules into daughter cells. One<br />of the required enzymes is malic enzyme, which generates the NADPH for fatty acid<br />synthesis in order to make cell membrane and pyruvate, and support the glycolysis<br />pathway to supply the energy demand. Due to the enormous proliferation of cancer cells,<br />it is likely that the activity of malic enzyme in cancer cells is more than normal cells.<br />The aim of this study is to survey the kinetics of malic enzyme in tumor and normal<br />breast tissues.<br /><strong>Methods:</strong> We obtained the tumor and normal breast tissue specimens directly<br />from the operating room. The assays were performed with partially purified samples<br />under optimum conditions for the substrate and co-factor requirements. The velocity<br />of the enzyme or Michaelis-Menten constant, maximum velocity, and the amount of<br />inhibitor that reduced the enzyme activity by 50% were obtained and calculated in all<br />samples.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> The Michaelis-Menten constant for malate was lower in tumors compared<br />to normal samples. In contrast, the maximum velocity for malate in tumors was higher<br />than normal tissues, whereas the amount of inhibitor that reduced the enzyme activity<br />by 50% of guanidine hydrochloride and sodium chloride were both higher in tumors<br />than normal tissues.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The obtained results indicated that the malic enzyme kinetics had<br />different patterns in tumor tissues in comparison with normal tissues. A higher affinity<br />of malic enzyme for pyruvate production in tumors supported high aerobic glycolysis.<br />Moreover, it could be an approach to connect glutaminolysis to the glycolysis pathway.<br />Malic enzyme could be a target to inhibit the glycolysis and glutaminolysis pathways<br />in tumors.https://mejc.sums.ac.ir/article_44856_bb2356c7196f82c0ed0f6a121f19e8b8.pdfShiraz University of Medical SciencesMiddle East Journal of Cancer2008-670910220190401Clinical Significance of BRAF and ZEB2 Expressions in Healthy Adjacent Tissue of Bladder Cancer87944485710.30476/mejc.2019.81572.1026ENShimaHosseiniResearch Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran0000-0003-3200-202XMassoudSaidijamResearch Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IranHamidEslamiResearch Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran0000-0003-3012-4963Ali RezaSoltanianModeling of Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran0000-0002-7483-3502Seyed HabibollahMousavi-BaharUrology and Nephrology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran0000-0002-1382-8777AliMahdavinezhadResearch Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran0000-0002-1314-8229Journal Article20180212<strong>Background:</strong> Numerous molecular changes are involved in the development and<br />progression of bladder cancer. Regular follow-up of patients is crucial due to the high<br />recurrence rate of bladder cancer. The aim of this study is to determine the role of<br />B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase and ZEB2 expressions in onset and<br />progression of bladder cancer. We have also investigated their relationships to<br />pathological characteristics.<br /><strong>Methods:</strong> We conducted this case-control study on bladder cancer and its healthy<br />adjacent tissue, and normal bladder tissue from patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia.<br />After extraction of total RNA and cDNA synthesis, quantitative expression analysis was<br />performed in duplicate using real-time PCR. Changes in the gene expression were<br />calculated according to the 2(-ΔΔCt) equation. The products were confirmed by 1% agarose<br />gel electrophoresis and sequenced by Bioneer Company. Data was analyzed using the<br />SPSS software (version 16).<br /><strong>Results:</strong> There was significantly greater B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine<br />kinase expression in 82% of bladder tumor samples compared to the adjacent tissues.<br />In 91.1% of tumor samples, the gene expression was also significantly higher than healthy<br />bladder tissues from patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. We observed<br />overexpression of B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase in 61.7% of the<br />healthy margin tissue samples compared to healthy bladder tissues of patients with benign<br />prostatic hyperplasia (P<0.001). Expression of ZEB2 in 52.9% of the bladder tumor<br />samples was significantly higher than healthy peripheral tissues. This increase was<br />observed in 94.1% of tumor samples compared to healthy bladder tissues of patients<br />with benign prostatic hyperplasia (P<0.001). Pearson correlation coefficient showed<br />a positive relationship between B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase and ZEB2<br />in cancerous samples (r = 0.75) and healthy margin tissue samples (r = 0.49).<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> During the carcinogenesis process, molecular changes are seen in<br />healthy margin tissue. These molecular changes may be the reason for the high<br />recurrence rate of bladder cancer. B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase can<br />potentially be a target cancer therapy in antisense technologies.https://mejc.sums.ac.ir/article_44857_ca0e836ee29d928a78cbd757af6faf06.pdfShiraz University of Medical SciencesMiddle East Journal of Cancer2008-670910220190401Value of TOX Immunoexpression in the Diagnosis of Early Mycosis Fungoides951024485810.30476/mejc.2019.78531.ENFatemehSari AslaniMolecular Dermatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran0000-0002-6232-9923AkbarSafaeiPathology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran0000-0002-2542-9861HaleGhezelbashPathology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran0000-0003-2191-6125MozhdehSepaskhahMolecular Dermatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran0000-0002-8773-0019Journal Article20180325<strong>Background:</strong> The lack of a specific marker to differentiate malignant from reactive<br />T-cells makes a definite diagnosis difficult in patients suspected of having mycosis<br />fungoides. This study has evaluated value of thymocyte selection-associated high<br />mobility group box factor expression in the differentiation of early mycosis fungoides<br />from a benign inflammatory dermatosis.<br /><strong>Methods:</strong>We selected 22 mycosis fungoides cases, 18 cases suspicious for mycosis<br />fungoides, and 12 cases of eczematous dermatitis from patients who attended<br />Dermatology Clinic, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (2008-2015). The obtained<br />skin biopsies were immunostained for thymocyte selection-associated high mobility<br />group box factor antigen in addition to pan T cell markers. The slides were evaluated<br />for the percentage of tumor cells and intensity of immunoreactivity.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> From 22 cases of mycosis fungoides, 40.9% showed massive infiltration<br />of thymocyte selection-associated high mobility group box factor-positive lymphocytes<br />(>30%) with high (3+) intensity in the epidermis; there was no case negative for<br />thymocyte selection-associated high mobility group box factor expression. Only one<br />eczematous dermatitis case had expression of thymocyte selection-associated high<br />mobility group box factor-positive lymphocytes (>30%) with high intensity and 4 cases<br />were negative for thymocyte selection-associated high mobility group box factor<br />expression. The frequency of thymocyte selection-associated high mobility group<br />box factor expressing lymphocytes was higher in biopsies from mycosis fungoides<br />compared to eczematous dermatitis (P<0.05). CD7- cases expressed more thymocyte<br />selection-associated high mobility group box factor-positive lymphocytes in the dermis<br />and epidermis, which were significantly correlated (P=0.013).<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Thymocyte selection-associated high mobility group box factor, as a<br />positive marker, in combination with pan T cell markers (especially CD7-) can be useful<br />to detect mycosis fungoides malignant lymphoid cells.https://mejc.sums.ac.ir/article_44858_c36791eebce99d9b77ebffa4dfd2c515.pdfShiraz University of Medical SciencesMiddle East Journal of Cancer2008-670910220190401Salivary Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) as a Marker for Radiation-induced Mucositis in Head and Neck Cancers: A Preliminary Study1031104485910.30476/mejc.2019.81573.1027ENArnadiShivashankaraDepartments of Biochemistry Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India0000-0002-1966-9834RaeesTonseRadiation Oncology Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, IndiaSucharithaSureshCommunity Medicine, MBBS student, Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, IndiaThomasGeorgeCommunity Medicine, MBBS student, Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, IndiaMamidipudi SrinivasaVidyasagarRadiation Oncology Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, IndiaSureshRaoRadiation Oncology, Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Pumpwell, Mangalore, Karnataka, IndiaManjeshwar ShrinathBaliga,Radiation Oncology, Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Pumpwell, Mangalore, Karnataka, India0000-0001-8829-4936Journal Article20180203<strong>Background:</strong> In this study, we sought to understand the usefulness of salivary lactate<br />dehydrogenase as a predictive marker for the development of radiation-induced<br />mucositis.<br /><strong>Methods:</strong> This was a prospective study with head and neck cancer patients who<br />required curative radiotherapy (>60Gy). We collected patients’ saliva before the onset<br />of radiation and after 2 Gy of radiation to assess lactate dehydrogenase levels. The patients<br />received the stipulated oral and dental care. Data on incidence and severity of mucositis<br />was collected using a preform sheet and oral mucositis assessment scale published by<br />the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group throughout the 7-week treatment period.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> Salivary lactate dehydrogenase increased with exposure to radiation<br />(P<0.0001) and there was an observed association with mucositis severity (P<0.0001;<br />r = 0.515).<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The present results have established, for the first time, that salivary<br />lactate dehydrogenase could be a useful predictive marker to understand the development<br />of radiation-induced mucositis in patients with head and neck cancer. The proximity<br />of the oral cavity for regular observation and saliva collection is an added advantage.https://mejc.sums.ac.ir/article_44859_25a77eb0a3a8664311a93c181a8dcf2d.pdfShiraz University of Medical SciencesMiddle East Journal of Cancer2008-670910220190401Tissue Distribution and Activity of Thioredoxin Reductase in Pancreatic Carcinoma1111174486010.30476/mejc.2019.78522.ENFaezehSadrabadi HaghighiDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran0000-0002-3016-4335MohsenAliakbarianSurgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranAlirezaKhooeiDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran0000-0003-0564-1045Seyed IsaacHashemySurgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran0000-0002-1323-5250Journal Article20180408<strong>Background:</strong> Thioredoxin, NADPH, and thioredoxin reductase form the thioredoxin<br />system which exists in all living cells. Oxidants have a major role in cancer pathogenesis;<br />therefore, it is necessary to study the role of redox-active compounds such as thioredoxin<br />reductase to increase our knowledge about the molecular mechanisms involved in cancer<br />pathogenesis and ultimately design more effective treatments. The research on the role<br />of the thioredoxin system in pancreatic cancer is limited; hence, we intend to compare<br />the tissue distribution and activity of thioredoxin reductase in pancreatic cancer with<br />healthy tissues located at the tumor margins.<br /><strong>Methods:</strong> A total of 29 patients with pancreatic cancer participated in this study.<br />The tissue distribution was determined by immunohistochemistry analysis. We used<br />a commercial ELISA kit to determine enzyme activity.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> There was no significant difference between the tumor tissue and its<br />normal surrounding tissue in terms of thioredoxin reductase activity (P=0.56). However,<br />there was a significant difference when we considered the different disease stages. A<br />significant relationship also existed between the staining intensity of thioredoxin<br />reductase and disease stage (P=0.022).<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> There was no observed difference between the pancreatic cancer<br />tissue and its healthy margin in terms of thioredoxin reductase activity and tissue<br />distribution. This finding did not support its possible role in pancreatic cancer<br />pathogenesis.https://mejc.sums.ac.ir/article_44860_f54611f93306b2c16a27716cf13ba3a3.pdfShiraz University of Medical SciencesMiddle East Journal of Cancer2008-670910220190401Cost-utility Analysis of the EOX Drug Regimen versus the DCF Drug Regimen for Patients with Advanced Gastric Cancer1181244486110.30476/mejc.2019.78513.ENMohammad JavadKhezeliStudent Research Committee, Department of Health Economics, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran0000-0002-1865-7313MehdiDehghaniHematology Research Center, Hematology and Oncology Ward, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran0000-0002-2979-0865KhosroKeshavarzHealth Human Resources Research Center, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran0000-0002-5778-5502ZahraKavosiHealth Human Resources Research Center, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran000-0001-8662-7987Journal Article20180204<strong>Background:</strong> Cancer is one of the major causes of mortality and as an effective<br />factor in the burden of diseases for the future. Among all cancers, gastric cancer is the<br />fourth most common and the second leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. In<br />this study, we aim to evaluate the cost-utility of two chemotherapy regimens –<br />epirubicin, oxaliplatin, and capecitabine versus docetaxel, cisplatin, and fluorouracil<br />in patients with advanced gastric cancer in a hospital in southern Iran.<br /><strong>Method:</strong> This cross-sectional study was an economic evaluation of cost-utility type<br />that included all patients at Amir Hospital (Shiraz, Iran) who had advanced gastric cancer<br />and received either the epirubicin, oxaliplatin, and capecitabine or docetaxel, cisplatin,<br />and fluorouracil chemotherapy regimen. All costs and the quality-adjusted life years<br />were calculated, followed by one-way sensitivity analysis to verify the results.<br /><strong>Results:</strong>A total of 54 patients participated in this study, amongst whom 20 received<br />the epirubicin, oxaliplatin, and capecitabine regimen and 34 received the docetaxel,<br />cisplatin, and fluorouracil regimen. The mean quality of life of patients that received<br />docetaxel, cisplatin, and fluorouracil was 0.747, whereas it was 0.836 for patients that<br />received epirubicin, oxaliplatin, and capecitabine. The docetaxel, cisplatin, and<br />fluorouracil treatment group ($5573) was more expensive than the epirubicin, oxaliplatin,<br />and capecitabine group ($3108). The results obtained from the cost-utility analysis<br />showed that the epirubicin, oxaliplatin, and capecitabine drug regimen was costeffective<br />due to lower cost and higher utility than the docetaxel, cisplatin, and<br />fluorouracil regimen. One-way sensitivity analysis confirmed the accuracy of these<br />results.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Due to the cost-effectiveness of the epirubicin, oxaliplatin, and<br />capecitabine drug regimen compared to docetaxel, cisplatin, and fluorouracil, we<br />recommend that oncologists use this regimen to treat gastric cancer patients.https://mejc.sums.ac.ir/article_44861_ebc3fb201aded9f52b5271f917b5cdef.pdfShiraz University of Medical SciencesMiddle East Journal of Cancer2008-670910220190401Clinical Outcome of Tamoxifen and Sulindac for Desmoid Tumors in Adults: A Phase II Single Institution Experience1251314486210.30476/mejc.2019.78543.ENAbeer HussienAnterClinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt0000-0003-4309-9373Rasha MohamedAbdel-LatifClinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt0000-0001-8519-8068Journal Article20180404<strong>Background:</strong> Desmoid tumors are rare soft tissue neoplasms that have a variable and often unpredictable clinical course. We have conducted a phase II study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tamoxifen and sulindac in treatment of primary unresectable and recurrent desmoid tumors.
<strong>Methods:</strong> Eligible patients were ≥18 years of age who had measurable histologically confirmed recurrent or newly diagnosed tumors not amenable to R0 resection, or those who underwent tumor excision with gross residual desmoid tumor. The primary objective was to estimate progression-free survival. Patients received 20 mg tamoxifen and 300 mg sulindac daily for up to 12 months according to absence of disease progression or unacceptable drug toxicity.
<strong>Results:</strong> 25 patients, 12 males and 13 females, whose ages ranged from 18-60 years. Most (88%) had a good performance status (ECOG 1). A total of 6 of 15 patients with recurrent desmoid tumors had histories of prior local radiotherapy for their primary tumors. There were 10 newly diagnosed patients, 15 (60%) had recurrent disease and only one patient had a diagnosis of familial adenomatous polyposis. Only 22 patients completed the treatment protocol and were evaluated for clinical response and time to progression. All patients were evaluated for safety profile. The overall response rate was 60%, with complete response observed in 8% and partial response in 52%. At two years, the estimated progression-free survival rate was 55% with a median progressionfree survival of 25 months.
<strong>Conclusion:</strong> According to the results of this study, systemic treatment with tamoxifen and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is safe and effective in patients with desmoid tumors.https://mejc.sums.ac.ir/article_44862_4d27139612559c6961f8ba2a2990433c.pdfShiraz University of Medical SciencesMiddle East Journal of Cancer2008-670910220190401A Model to Predict Breast Cancer Survivability Using Logistic Regression1321384486310.30476/mejc.2019.78569.ENMehdiNourelahiDepartment of Biomedical Physics and Biomedical Engineering,Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran0000-0002-6986-3184AliZamaniDepartment of Biomedical Physics and Biomedical Engineering,Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran0000000167200910AbdolrasoulTaleiBreast Disease Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran0000-0001-9111-3681SedighehTahmasebiBreast Disease Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran0000-0001-5880-2063Journal Article20180606<strong>Background:</strong> Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer amongst women worldwide. Considering its high incidence, effective detection and prognosis of this type of cancer may have a significant effect on reducing expenditures. In this study, we propose a model to predict the 60-month survivability in patients with breast cancer and investigate the effects of each feature on the obtained model.<br /> <strong>Methods:</strong> We base this model on the information gathered by the Breast Disease Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran from 5673 patients with breast cancer. The goal of this study was to predict breast cancer survivability at early diagnosis, so the features used in the research are among those considered affordable, specifically at the initial steps of diagnosis. After preprocessing all of the cases and features, we constructed this model based on 1930 cases and 16 of their associated features using logistic regression method. The model then was evaluated with 10-fold cross validation.<br /> <strong>Results:</strong> Based on all subsets of the 16 features, we evaluated numerous models. We selected a model that achieved the best sensitivity and specificity, and used fewer features as the best model. We considered this model for further analysis, which is consisted of following features: age at the time of diagnosis, type of invasion, HER2, size of the tumor, in situ component, lymph node involvement ratio, progesterone receptor status, and the total number of dissected lymph nodes. The best model obtained overall accuracy, specificity and sensitivity of 72.49%, 72.83%, and 71.85%, respectively.<br /> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The performance of model is quite satisfactory due to the fact that we only used features, which could be obtained at the initial steps of diagnosis. Even though, the effect of patient’s age is controversial, we concluded that ageing would decrease the 60-month survivability. Our model indicated that having all type of invasions (i.e. vascular, lymphatic, etc.) would result in poorer chance of survival compared to other features effect.https://mejc.sums.ac.ir/article_44863_f53a346727e08b6f16acab348e163107.pdfShiraz University of Medical SciencesMiddle East Journal of Cancer2008-670910220190401Economic Burden of Prostate Cancer in Iran: Measuring Costs and Quality of Life1391554486410.30476/mejc.2019.78519.ENMohamad JavadForoughi MoghadamDepartment of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmaceutical Management, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0003-1986-2711MohsenAyatiUro-Oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-5479-5687MaryamRangchianDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran0000-0001-8943-3643GholamrezaPourmandUrology Research Center, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-7733-8670PeimanHaddadDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0003-0500-5532AlirezaNikoofarDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-5138-1016HamidrezaRezvaniDepartment of Medical Oncology, Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0003-3258-6862Seyed JalilHosseiniInfertility and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0003-3741-1543JamshidSalamzadehDepartment of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmaceutical Management, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-6693-5210Hamid RezaRasekhFood Safety Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-5837-0299Journal Article20180228<strong>Background:</strong> Prostate cancer (PCa) is the third most diagnosed cancer among men in Iran with approximately 4200 new cases in 2015. Considering the rapid growth of cancer diagnosis, this study aims to investigate the economic burden of PCa patients and their health-related quality of life (HRQoL)<br /> <strong>Methods:</strong> A retrospective survey was conducted on 500 registered patients to discover the pattern of care and distribution of patients in the main treatment categories. In the next step, a multi-center survey of the patients under treatment was conducted. The objective of this survey was to estimate direct medical costs (DMC), non-medical costs, and productivity losses for patients and family members. HRQoL was measured by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–Prostate questionnaire.<br /> <strong>Results:</strong> Despite high age of patients (72±9.25 years), only 53.3% of them were retired or disabled. The largest proportion of patients (54.3%) received medicinal or surgical hormone therapy. Radical prostatectomy was the main treatment for 31.7% of patients, 10.2% received radiation therapy, and 3.8% underwent chemotherapy. DMC for incident population was approximately 12.5 million US dollars/year, and the highest average cost per capita belonged to chemotherapy patients. Unpredictably, productivity loss was nearly as much as direct cost. The mean score for HRQoL was 0.62±0.16 for all patients. Orchiectomy group had the lowest HRQoL score (0.55±0.16). Chemotherapy patients suffered the worst scores in the physical well-being subscale (0.47±0.24). Hormone therapy patients had the least scores in the prostate-specific subscale (0.50±0.18).<br /> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The economic burden of PCa is estimated approximately 25.8 million US dollars per year for incident population. When we refer to the high proportion of patients diagnosed in advanced state of the disease and higher per capita cost for these patients, policy makers should promote screening strategies to control health care costs and to increase both life expectancy and HRQoL.https://mejc.sums.ac.ir/article_44864_9d88c12874d7bb88668c9bddd7b95c18.pdfShiraz University of Medical SciencesMiddle East Journal of Cancer2008-670910220190401Chronic Uterine Inversion Secondary to Uterine Sarcoma: A Case Report1561594486510.30476/mejc.2019.78516.ENMinooRobatiDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranMarjanHosseiniDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranMaryamZolghadrDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran0000-0001-9309-9326MojdehMomtahanDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran0000-0002-1698-5049Fatemeh SadatNajibDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranJournal Article20180217Chronic non-puerperal uterine inversion is a rare condition that usually presents with vaginal bleeding and vaginal mass. Frequently, it is caused by benign and malignant tumors. A mass in the vagina, particularly if it is a malignant tumor, can be confused with a uterine malignancy without inversion. Clinical diagnosis of chronic uterine inversion is difficult and may be diagnosed during surgery. In this report, we present a case of chronic uterine inversion diagnosed as a uterine sarcoma by punch biopsy.https://mejc.sums.ac.ir/article_44865_7310410e47a5785e5d44359ce920b1f5.pdfShiraz University of Medical SciencesMiddle East Journal of Cancer2008-670910220190401Coincidence of Anaplastic Lymphoma of the Stomach with Kaposi ’s Sarcoma: A Rare Presentation1601644486610.30476/mejc.2019.81574.1028ENSohailaFatimaDepartment of Pathology, King Khalid University, Abha, KSA0000-0002-6796-6390WajihSiddiquiHematology/Oncology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Aseer Central Hospital, Abha, KSA00966-509776386AbdulrahmanAlshehriHematology/Oncology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Aseer Central Hospital, Abha, KSA0000-0002-4867-857XJournal Article20180325Anaplastic large-cell lymphoma is an aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma of T cell/null cell origin. It rarely affects the gastrointestinal tract. We present the case of a 58-year-old patient diagnosed with anaplastic lymphoma of the stomach in association with Kaposi’s sarcoma of the skin.https://mejc.sums.ac.ir/article_44866_fa82d4bc1b19d3f246f79791ffa94b36.pdfShiraz University of Medical SciencesMiddle East Journal of Cancer2008-670910220190401Calendar of Events16516544867ENJournal Article20190401https://mejc.sums.ac.ir/article_44867_a5c7daeff85f97befadf4ac5345ac2e3.pdf